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Category Archives: Uterus
Hysterectomy Grossing
Hysterectomy Grossing
How to gross a hysterectomy specimen:
1. open along lateral sides
2. open tumor if large to allow fixation
3. make parallel sections 1 cm apart from endocervical canal to superior aspect
4. if cervical tumor suspected, ampuate cervix and process as a cone biopsy
5. ink margins of resection including vaginal margin
6. examine: shape, serosa, myometrium, endometrium, cerivx, myomas
7. Sections:
non-tumor: anterior and posterior: endometrium, myometrium (full thickness), lower uterine segment, cervix;
fibroids, leiomyomas: at least 1 section, submit more if fleshy; polyps submit in toto;
cancer, tumor (1 section/cm/minimum 3 sections);
different appearing regions, deepest invasion
each ovary (cortex, hilar region)
each fallopian tube
lymph nodes
Posted in Uterus
Tagged Grossing, How to gross a hysterectomy specimen, Hysterectomy Grossing, Hysterectomy specimen, Specimen grossing, Surgical pathology grossing
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Endometrial Cancer Synoptic Report
Endometrial Cancer Synoptic Report
Tumor size and location
Histologic type
Histologic grade
Depth of invasion (uterine wall thickness, maximum depth of myoinvasion, measured from endomyometrial junction)
Angiolymphatic invasion
Preserve of cervical involvement
Features of uninvolved uterus (hyperplasia, metaplasia)
Margins
Nodal involvement (# positive nodes, # total lymph nodes)
Key points:
Atypical hyperplasia versus carcinoma. TAH (unless pregnant or morbid reasons)
>50% myometrial invasion external beam boost
Poorly diff carcinoma external beam boost
Cervical involvement- vaginal vault boost
Posted in Uterus
Tagged Endometrial adenocarcinoma, endometrial cancer, Endometrial Cancer Synoptic Report, endometrial carcinoma, Synoptic report
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Endometrial Cancer Grading
Endometrial Cancer Grading
Endometrioid and mucinous
- measure % of solid growth
Grade 1: < 5%
Grade 2: 5-50%
Grade 3: > 50%
* if nuclear grade is predominantly high grade then upgrade by 1
** do not include squamous metaplasia
Serous and clear cell
- considered high grade
Posted in Uterus
Tagged Cancer grading, Clear Cell, Endometrial Adenocarcinoma Grading, Endometrial Cancer Grade, Endometrial Cancer Grading, Endometrial carcinoma grading, Endometrioid, mucinous, serous
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Endometrial Cancer Staging
Endometrial Cancer Staging
Tx – cannot be assessed
T0 – no evidence of primary tumor
T1a – confined to the endometrium
1b – confined to inner half
1c – confined to outer half
T2a – endocervical glands involved by cancer
T2b – endocervical stroma involved by cancer
T3 – serosa, adnexa or washings positive for cancer
T4 – bladder and/or rectum involved
Posted in Uterus
Tagged Cancer staging, Endometrial Adenocarcinoma Staging, Endometrial cancer stage, Endometrial Cancer Staging, Endometrial Carcinoma Staging, Staging
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Carcinosarcoma
Carcinosarcoma
Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumor
Clinical: post-menopausal women
Gross: large, soft polypoid
Histology: carcinoma and sarcoma elements
- sharp demarcation
- homologous or heterologous sarcomatous elements (skeletal muscle, bone, fat, cartilage)
- look for cross-striations
- thought of as “carcinomas” because epithelial component more invasive and metastatic
- lymphatic and vascular invasion
Immunohistochemistry
- keratin positive in epithelial and in sarcomatous component in 50% of cases
Prognosis: very aggressive
Posted in Uterus
Tagged Carcinosarcoma, Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumor, Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumour, Mullerian Tumor
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Atypical Polypoid Adenomyoma
Atypical Polypoid Adenomyoma
Gross: polyp (hard and gray)
Histology:
- endometrial glands, architectural atypia +/- cytological atypia
- benign swirling smooth muscle
- squamous morules
Differential diagnosis: invasive adenocarcinoma
Prognosis: usually benign, rare cases recur
Posted in Uterus
Tagged Atypical Adenomyoma, Atypical Polypoid Adenomyoma, Endometrial polyp, Polyp, Uterine polyp
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Adenosarcoma
Adenosarcoma
Clinical: elderly women
Gross: bulky polyp filling endometrial cavity
Histology: analagous to phyllodes tumor of breast
- epithelial (benign) and stromal (hypercellular)
- glands large with periglandular stromal cuffing
- leaf-like projections into glandular lumina
- 2+ mitotic figures / 10 high power fields
Posted in Uterus
Tagged Adenosarcoma, Endometrial polyp, Phyllodes tumor, Polyp, Uterine adenosarcoma, Uterine polyp
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Adenofibroma
Adenofibroma
Clinical: older women, benign counterpart of adenosarcoma
Gross: firm, knobby polyp
Histology: broad club shaped papillae lined by endometrium and stromal core
- 0-1 mitoses /10 HPF
Adenomyoma
Adenomyoma
Gross: polyp appearance
Histology: endometrial glands in benign smooth muscle
Uterine Leiomyosarcoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Clinical: older women
Gross: fleshy with necrotic or hemorrhagic areas
Histology: Need 2 of 3 criteria below
- mitoses
- atypia
- coagulative necrosis – hyaline vs. tumor type necrosis (no hyaline material is to be present between tumor and necrosis)
Leiomyosarcoma Immunohistochemistry
- h-caldesmon, desmin, calponin, smooth muscle actin (SMA)
Leiomyosarcoma Prognostic Factors
- grade
- stage (depth of invasion into myometrium, cervical extension)
- histologic type (serous and clear cell higher grade)
- lymphatic and vascular invasion
- estrogen dependent tumors have better prognosis